Biomechanical analysis of clinical angle degrees of the lower and upper back at different stages of the functional threshold power (FTP) test in mountain cyclists

Abstract

Study aim(s): The aim of the study was a biomechanical analysis of the angular degrees of the hip angle, shoulder angle, clinical hip angle, and clinical shoulder angle at five stages of the FTP test.

Methods: The study includes 8 male mountain cycling athletes aged 14-16 years old. Sample size sufficiency was tested using the G*Power program. Performance measure and evaluation tests; clinical hip angle, clinical shoulder angle, hip angle degree, shoulder angle, and the FTP test-were applied. For the data analysis of the variables, the Kinovea-0.9.4-x64.exe program was used. Repeated Measure ANOVA and Pairwise Comparison Analysis were used.

Results: Differences of the back curves and clinical hip and shoulder angle degrees in different stages of the FTP test were found to be statistically significant between and within groups (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant changes in clinical shoulder angle degrees during the different stages of the FTP test or between groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: During the execution of the FTP test, clinical hip and shoulder angles increased, and it was accompanied by back curve increases. To avoid injury risk, back pain, and delayed fatigue, it is necessary to develop flexibility and mobility of the hips and force of the erector muscles.