The Effect of Ground Reaction Forces in Different Phases of the Ski Turn: A Systematic Review
Abstract views: 219
/ 
PDF downloads: 119
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10428036Keywords:
Skiing, Force, Turn, Phase, SteepnessAbstract
Study aim(s): This study aims to analyze the specialized literature on the influence of ground reaction forces in specific phases of the ski turn.
Methods: Systematic searches on the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were conducted using the following keywords: ground reaction forces in alpine skiing. Studies included in this review address the influence of ground reaction forces in specific phases of the ski turn. This study is a systematic review model, which is based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards.
Results: In this review, various research methodologies were employed, including assessments of alpine skiers (5 studies), three-dimensional kinematic data analysis (2 studies), and systematic reviews (2 studies). Key findings include the Difference of ground reaction forces in specific phases of the ski turn, the difference between feet (inside and outside), the impact of slope steepness, and discipline-specific forces.
Conclusions: Our analysis has provided valuable insights into the role of ground reaction forces in ski turns. We've observed that the peak of this force occurs during the steering phase, particularly in 'Steering 2.' The outside foot plays a crucial role in the turning process, experiencing higher ground reaction forces, while the inside foot contributes to stability. Steeper slopes amplify these forces. To optimize ski turn performance, early and smooth application of ground reaction forces is essential.
References
Koehle MS, Lloyd-Smith R, Taunton JE. Alpine ski injuries and their prevention. Sports Med. 2002; 32(12):785-793. doi:10.2165/00007256-200232120-00003
Todd L. Ski Turns: An Expert Guide To Ski Turn Types And Techniques. Get Carv. 2019 December 13. Available from: https://getcarv.com/blog/ski-turns-an-expert-guide-to-ski-turn-types-and-techniques
Falda-Buscaiot T, Hintzy F, Rougier P, Lacouture P, Coulmy N. Influence of slope steepness, foot position, and turn phase on plantar pressure distribution during giant slalom alpine ski racing. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0176975. Published 2017 May 4. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176975.
Britannica T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2023, March 27). Newton’s laws of motion. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/science/Newtons-laws-of-motion.
Sedgwick M, Topp J. Physics of Skiing. 2021 December Available from: CSIA snowpro.
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International journal of surgery, 2021; 88: 105906.
Supej M, Hébert-Losier K, Holmberg HC. Impact of the steepness of the slope on the biomechanics of World Cup slalom skiers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2015;10(3):361-368. doi:10.1123/ijspp.2014-0200.
Supej M, Ogrin J, Šarabon N, Holmberg H-C. Asymmetries in the Technique and Ground Reaction Forces of Elite Alpine Skiers Influence Their Slalom Performance. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(20):7288.
Jandova Sona, Vaverka Frantisek. Ground Reaction Forces Measurement Based on Strain Gauges in Alpine Skiing,2008;819-823. 10.1201/9781439828427.ch119.
Spörri Jörg, Kröll Josef, Fasel Benedikt, Aminian Kamiar, Müller Erich. Course Setting as a Prevention Measure for Overuse Injuries of the Back in Alpine Ski Racing - A Kinematic and Kinetic Study of Giant Slalom and Slalom. The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. 2016; 4. 2325967116630719. 10.1177/2325967116630719.
Hébert-Losier K, Supej M, Holmberg HC. Biomechanical factors influencing the performance of elite Alpine ski racers. Sports Med. 2014;44(4):519-533. doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0132-z.
Wu Jinping, Zhao Liang, Sun Dong, et al. Influence factors for competitive performance of Alpine skiers in the view of biomechanics. Journal of Medical Biomechanics, 2021; 36(4):502-509 (in Chinese).
Gilgien M, Spörri J, Kröll J, Crivelli P, Müller E. Mechanics of turning and jumping and skier speed are associated with injury risk in men's World Cup alpine skiing: a comparison between the competition disciplines. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(9):742-747. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2013-092994.
Supej M, Kipp R, Holmberg HC. Mechanical parameters as predictors of performance in alpine World Cup slalom racing. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2011;21(6):e72-e81.doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01159.x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 KOSALB International Journal of Human Movements Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a 